I found myself encouraged and corrected as I thought about and preached on Psalm 51 and the topic of repentance. I find it is often easy to be sorry, but that my sorrow is often not a godly sorrow which leads to true repentance. If you want some help thinking more about the topic of repentance, here is a Bible study I made on the subject. I encourage you to look at it and spend some time with the passages of Scripture listed in it. Maybe do one passage a day.
Repentance and Remorse Bible Study
People often don’t understand what repentance is.  As a result, many people don’t practice true,
biblical repentance.  Thankfully, the
Bible has a lot to say about this topic. 
So, roll up your sleeves and dig into God’s Word to learn what repentance
is and how it applies to your life.
1. Read Psalm
 51
- What
     circumstance prompted David to write this Psalm according to the
     superscription above verse 1 (if you are unfamiliar with this event read 2 Samuel 11-12)? 
 
- In
     verses 1-2, what does David plea to God for? 
 
- He
     wants God to treat him according to His _____________ and ______________
     (v 1).  Why should knowing that God
     possess these attributes cause a Christian to be quick to confess his or
     her sins to God? 
 
- Who
     does David say his sin was ultimately against (v. 4)?
     _______________________  Do you
     realize that every sin you commit has an impact on your vertical
     relationship (with God) and horizontal relationships (with others)?  David teaches us that ultimately every
     sin is first and foremost an offense against a holy God.  Our sin is rebellion against God.  We cannot have a right relationship with
     God if our sins are not dealt with (v. 9).
 
- In
     verse 7, who does David ask to cleanse him?
     ________________________________  Do
     you try to cleanse yourself from sin by doing good things (going to
     church, reading your Bible, helping people, etc.)?  Do those things cleanse you? (See Titus 3:5). 
 
- What
     does David ask for in verse 10? David realized that the problem was deeper than his sinful
     behavior.  He needed to be changed
     and cleansed from the inside out.
 
- According
     to verses 16-17 what is God most interested in?
     ________________________  Does this
     mean that God doesn’t expect right behavior (read v. 18-19)? 
 
- How
     can you apply this passage to your situation?  What are some key aspects of repentance
     you gleaned from it?
 
2. Read Proverbs 28:13
- The
     one who obtains mercy must _______________ and _______________ sins.  
 
- To confess is to agree with God’s
     judgment of your sinful thoughts and behavior- to call them what he calls
     them (rebellion against his loving rule in your life).
 
- To forsake is to turn away from
     something and leave it behind.
 
- Is
     confessing your sins the same as repentance?  Why or why not?
 
- How
     can you apply this passage to your life today? 
 
3. Read Joel 2:12-13
- The
     word “return” is used here to
     refer to repentance.  The same word
     is used in Ezekiel
      14:6, “Thus says the Lord: Repent and turn away from your idols, and turn away your faces
     from all your abominations.”  In
     both passages it means to turn from sin to God.
 
- What
     does verse 13 say the people should rend/tear? 
 
- Rending
     garments in biblical times was an outward way of showing the inward
     reality of a broken heart.  Is it
     possible for someone to do outward actions that show a broken heart while
     not really having a broken heart over sin? 
     Give some examples. 
 
4. Read 2 Corinthians 7:8-11
- Paul
     had sent the Corinthians a letter to confront some of their sins (v.
     8).  How did they respond to the
     letter according to verse 9? 
 
- In
     verse 10, Paul says there are two types of grief or sorrow over sin.  What are they? 
 
- What
     is the difference between these to types of sorrow?
  Is feeling guilty or sorry over sin the
     same thing as repentance? 
 
- The
     word “salvation” here does not just refer to a person being able to enter
     into heaven one day.  It refers to a
     Christian’s current spiritual
     vitality/walk with God and future
     eternal life.
 
- Read
     what one commentator had to say about the difference between these two
     types of grief: 
 
Being sorrowful as God intended
is feeling the deep grief that comes from knowing that our attitudes and
actions have harmed our relationship with God. 
‘Godly sorrow’ feels bad because it is missing out on God … Worldly sorrow
is the grief that comes about because one’s actions result in missing out on
something the world has to offer. 
Worldly sorrow feels bad because it wants more of the world (Hafmann, NIV Application Commentary: 2 Corinthians,
312).
            Which type
of sorrow do you usually have?  How can
you tell? 
- In verse
     11, Paul goes on to list 7 qualities or attitudes that are seen as fruit
     that proves that the Corinthians actually repented.  Read Luke 3:8 and Acts 26:19-20.  Should we expect to see right thoughts
     and behavior flow out of true repentance? 
 
- In
     your situation, what type of fruit (new behavior and thoughts) do you
     think should flow out of your repentance? 
 
5. Examples of Sorrow over Sin 
- Read Matthew 27:1-5.  This event occurred after Judas betrayed
     Jesus for 30 pieces of silver.  
 
- Judas
     felt sad (remorse).  Does Judas
     exemplify worldly or godly sorrow? 
     Explain your answer. 
 
- Read Matthew 26:69-75
     and John
      21:15-17.  Peter also
     felt sorrow over his sin.  Does
     Peter exemplify worldly or godly sorrow? 
     Explain your answer. 
 
- Godly
     sorrow comes from a heart that sees sin as rebellion against God, and it
     leads to a decisive turnaround from sin to God.  Worldly sorrow feels the same pain, but
     it is caused because of unwelcomed consequences (feelings of guilt, fear
     of punishment, or difficult circumstances) and does not lead to a true
     turning from sin to God.  It may
     lead a person to turn from a particular sin (to avoid more consequences or
     as a form of trying to pay for his or her sin), but it will not bring true
     repentance or lead to God.  Which
     type of sorrow do most often experience and how do you know which one it
     is?
 
6. Summary- Repentance involves the following ingredients:
 
- Recognizing
      your sin and seeing it for what it is: Rebellion against God.
 
- Sorrow
      over your sin.  This may involve
      literal tears, but it does not have to. 
      What is important is that your heart is broken over your sin
      because you know it has dishonored God and affected your relationship
      with Him.
 
- Confessing
      your sin to God in prayer (agreeing with God that you have sinned and
      that the sin has affected your relationship with Him and other
      people).  Be specific and name the
      sin. 
 
- Asking
      for God’s mercy to cleanse you.  Jesus
      died to pay for your sin.
 
- Turning
      from the sin towards God (both in your heart and behavior).